22d-d2p3n104

1． 什么是dcs？

dcs是分布式控制系統(tǒng)的英文縮寫(xiě)（distributed control system），在國(guó)內(nèi)自控行業(yè)又稱之為集散控制系統(tǒng)。

2． dcs有什么特點(diǎn)？

dcs是計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、控制技術(shù)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)高度結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物。dcs通常采用若干個(gè)控制器（過(guò)程站）對(duì)一個(gè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的眾多控制點(diǎn)進(jìn)行控制，各控制器間通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接并可進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)交換。操作采用計(jì)算機(jī)操作站，通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)與控制器連接，收集生產(chǎn)數(shù)據(jù)，傳達(dá)操作指令。因此，dcs的主要特點(diǎn)歸結(jié)為一句話就是：分散控制集中管理。

4． dcs的控制程序是由誰(shuí)執(zhí)行的？

dcs的控制決策是由過(guò)程控制站完成的，所以控制程序是由過(guò)程控制站執(zhí)行的。

5． 過(guò)程控制站的組成如何？

dcs的過(guò)程控制站是一個(gè)完整的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)，主要由電源、cpu（中央處理器）、網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口和i/o組成。

日常維護(hù)

1 過(guò)程通道故障：過(guò)程通道故障出現(xiàn)Zui多的是i/o卡故障。i/o卡故障一般的判斷與處理：通過(guò)系統(tǒng)診斷，更換通道或通過(guò)更換備用件處理，至于其內(nèi)部元件老化或是其他原因造成的損壞，一般控制人員不好判斷。i/o卡的檢修一般是由廠家處理，目前的熱控檢修人員的手段還不能達(dá)到像檢修常規(guī)儀表那樣檢修。而且生產(chǎn)廠家的i/o卡件已制造成一體化的趨勢(shì)，這樣只能購(gòu)買備件。好在這類故障只是在調(diào)試階段出現(xiàn)較多，正常運(yùn)行中出現(xiàn)幾率很低。一次元件或控制設(shè)備出現(xiàn)故障有時(shí)不能直接被操作員發(fā)現(xiàn)，只有異常或報(bào)警后才通知熱控人員處理。這樣對(duì)檢修人員和運(yùn)行人員的素質(zhì)要求就要提高，運(yùn)行人員要詳細(xì)介紹故障前后的狀態(tài)便于熱控檢修人員能夠快速、準(zhǔn)確地處理缺陷，減少故障的擴(kuò)大化，另外許多dcs廠家在產(chǎn)品宣傳上都支持卡件熱撥，做為控制人員，在運(yùn)行中更換卡件時(shí)一定要做好安全防護(hù)措施否則會(huì)引起系統(tǒng)變化或負(fù)荷變化，尤其數(shù)字量卡件。

2 對(duì)于操作員站死機(jī)無(wú)論國(guó)產(chǎn)與進(jìn)口設(shè)備都有相關(guān)的報(bào)道，那么究其原因比較多，硬盤或卡件故障，冷卻風(fēng)扇負(fù)荷過(guò)重等等，有時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生人為操作現(xiàn)象，一般在修改控制邏輯下裝軟件重啟設(shè)備或強(qiáng)制設(shè)備保護(hù)信號(hào)時(shí)，Zui易發(fā)生操作事件，輕則設(shè)備異常，重則易造成設(shè)備停運(yùn)后果非常嚴(yán)重；對(duì)死機(jī)后重啟，不同廠家的啟動(dòng)時(shí)間不同，少則幾十秒，多則幾分鐘，人為該操作發(fā)生的故障在熱工專業(yè)中的不安全事件中占有很大比例，在操作中尤為引起高度重視，減少人為故障。

3球標(biāo)操作不正常，一般是由于機(jī)械裝置長(zhǎng)期工作、老化、污染、點(diǎn)通斷不可靠、電纜插件不牢等這樣的就需要換檢查即可。

4控制操作失靈：是由于球標(biāo)的操作信號(hào)沒(méi)有正常改變過(guò)程通道的狀態(tài)，造成操作失效，這是2個(gè)方面造成的，一個(gè)方面是軟件缺陷，另一方面是硬件本身故障的狀態(tài)針對(duì)這樣的缺陷通常做法檢查過(guò)程通道功能正常后，再檢查操作遠(yuǎn)必要時(shí)進(jìn)行重起初始操作。

5 對(duì)于薄膜鍵盤主要是鍵盤接觸不良信號(hào)電纜松動(dòng)或主機(jī)誤動(dòng)鍵盤或啟動(dòng)不完整都可以導(dǎo)致其功能不正常應(yīng)用針對(duì)不同情況處理。

6打印機(jī)不工作一般是由于配置的原因，這樣的故障應(yīng)檢查打印機(jī)的設(shè)置及其硬件是否正常進(jìn)行處理。報(bào)表軟件功能不強(qiáng)主要表現(xiàn)在由于打印機(jī)打印報(bào)表和soe等造成死機(jī)，或者打印機(jī)的soe記錄時(shí)問(wèn)與實(shí)際情況不符；soe打印瀏覽后不能返回歷史曲線；soe時(shí)間順序不一致有時(shí)偏差很大，這會(huì)延誤事故分析的進(jìn)展時(shí)，有時(shí)還會(huì)誤導(dǎo)分析方向，soe問(wèn)題既與系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)不合理，soe點(diǎn)沒(méi)完全集中在一個(gè)dpu上的有關(guān)，也與系統(tǒng)硬件及軟件設(shè)計(jì)考慮不周有關(guān)。這種故障的出現(xiàn)，通過(guò)分析認(rèn)為這主要是對(duì)電廠的總體方面考慮的不太完美，在小的方面還不夠仔細(xì)會(huì)出現(xiàn)這樣那樣的故障，針對(duì)這種情況要認(rèn)真對(duì)待，不放過(guò)蛛絲馬跡，與廠家認(rèn)真研究提出問(wèn)題進(jìn)一步完善，讓該系統(tǒng)更好地為生產(chǎn)服務(wù)。

7 電源故障：電源故障問(wèn)題較多，保險(xiǎn)配置不合理，備用電源不能自投，電源波動(dòng)引起保護(hù)誤動(dòng)及接插頭接觸不良易造成無(wú)電源。針對(duì)電源故障處理相對(duì)比較容易。首先，認(rèn)真核對(duì)保險(xiǎn)的配置及容量，真正起到保險(xiǎn)的作用；其次，ups的配備很重要，它可以在電源波動(dòng)時(shí)也能保證系統(tǒng)正常供電，而且要考慮冗余和備用問(wèn)題。

8 干擾造成的故障：對(duì)于干擾主要是接地問(wèn)題，備用電源的切換和大功率的無(wú)線通信設(shè)備如手機(jī)、對(duì)講機(jī)等。另外還有dcs系統(tǒng)的干擾信號(hào)可能由本身造成的。那么對(duì)于dcs系統(tǒng)的接地問(wèn)題越來(lái)越引起人們的重視，尤其在電力行業(yè)，大功率電器設(shè)備的啟動(dòng)和停止都會(huì)干擾dcs的控制信號(hào)，造成不必要的故障。為了防止干擾信號(hào)串入系統(tǒng)，嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行屏蔽和接地要求和方式，信號(hào)線遠(yuǎn)離干擾源，同時(shí)采取防電源波動(dòng)措施。主/從過(guò)程處理機(jī)之間在機(jī)組運(yùn)行時(shí)，除非萬(wàn)不得以，盡量不要人為切換，已防產(chǎn)生干擾，如必須切換，應(yīng)采取措施，先將控制切手動(dòng)，以免對(duì)機(jī)組運(yùn)行工況產(chǎn)生影響。對(duì)電子設(shè)備問(wèn)、工程師站等重點(diǎn)部位，應(yīng)禁止使用大功率無(wú)線電通信設(shè)備

reman fanuc power supply a06b-6087-h126 1 year warranty w/core $1745

refurbished fanuc spindle motor, mod# a06b-1003-b200, w/ 1 year warranty

refurbished fanuc spindle motor, mod# a06b-0754-b400#3000 w/ 1 year warranty

refurbished fanuc servo motor, model# a06b-0514-b505#7008, with 1 year warranty

refurbished fanuc servo motor, model# a06b-0512-b574#7008, with 1 year warranty

refurbished fanuc servo motor, model# a06b-0501-b005#7008, with 1 year warranty

ref # 7761302 1996 mori seiki sl-25-sy, 32" swing, 2.6" bar cap, fanuc 16

reduced price- victor tns3h cnc lathe, 12" chuck, fanuc ot control - see video

reduced- mori-seiki partner l-200v cnc vertical turning center - lathe, fanuc

reconditioned fanuc16 main cpu board a16b-3200-0010 with daughter boards

reconditioned fanuc16 main cpu board a16b-2200-0900 with daughter boards

reconditioned fanuc sub-a cpu board a16b-2201-0310 with daughter boards

reconditioned fanuc spindle amplifier ( a06b-6111-h006#h550 )

reconditioned fanuc spindle amplifier ( a06b-6111-h006#h550 )

reconditioned fanuc spindle amplifier ( a06b-6102-h222#h520 )

reconditioned fanuc spindle amplifier ( a06b-6088-h230#h500 )

reconditioned fanuc spindle amplifier ( a06b-6064-h305#h550 )

reconditioned fanuc spindle amp board ( a20b-1004-0600 )

reconditioned fanuc spindle amp board ( a16b-2201-0010 )

reconditioned fanuc spindle amp board ( a16b-2100-0070 with a16b-2201-0440 )

reconditioned fanuc spindle amp board ( a16b-2100-0030 )

reconditioned fanuc spindle amp ( a06b-6122-h100#h570 )

reconditioned fanuc spindle amp ( a06b-6122-h045#h570 )

reconditioned fanuc spindle amp ( a06b-6121-h015#h550 )

reconditioned fanuc spindle amp ( a06b-6121-h011#h550 )

reconditioned fanuc spindle amp ( a06b-6111-h022#h550 )

reconditioned fanuc spindle amp ( a06b-6111-h011#h550 )

reconditioned fanuc spindle amp ( a06b-6104-h226#h520 )

reconditioned fanuc spindle amp ( a06b-6104-h111#h520 )

reconditioned fanuc spindle amp ( a06b-6102-h106#h520 )

reconditioned fanuc spindle amp ( a06b-6078-h311#h500 )

reconditioned fanuc spindle amp ( a06b-6078-h306#h500 )

reconditioned fanuc spindle amp ( a06b-6078-h211#h501 )

reconditioned fanuc spindle amp ( a06b-6078-h211#h500 )

reconditioned fanuc servo drive ( a06b-6090-h003 )

reconditioned fanuc servo amplifier ( a06b-6127-h209 ) replaces a06b-6124-h209

reconditioned fanuc servo amplifier ( a06b-6114-h105 )

reconditioned fanuc servo amplifier ( a06b-6112-h006 # h550 )

reconditioned fanuc servo amplifier ( a06b-6096-h208)

reconditioned fanuc servo amplifier ( a06b-6096-h206 )

reconditioned fanuc servo amplifier ( a06b-6096-h202 )

reconditioned fanuc servo amplifier ( a06b-6090-h244 )

reconditioned fanuc servo amplifier ( a06b-6085-h104 )

reconditioned fanuc servo amplifier ( a06b-6085-h102 )

reconditioned fanuc servo amplifier ( a06b-6079-h291 )

reconditioned fanuc servo amplifier ( a06b-6079-h209)

reconditioned fanuc servo amplifier ( a06b-6079-h208)

reconditioned fanuc servo amplifier ( a06b-6079-h207 )

reconditioned fanuc servo amplifier ( a06b-6079-h206 )

reconditioned fanuc servo amplifier ( a06b-6079-h205)

reconditioned fanuc servo amplifier ( a06b-6079-h201 )

reconditioned fanuc servo amplifier ( a06b-6066-h008 )

reconditioned fanuc servo amplifier ( a06b-6058-h333 )

reconditioned fanuc servo amp module ( a06b-6114-h207 )

reconditioned fanuc servo amp board ( a16b-2201-0020 )

reconditioned fanuc servo amp ( a06b-6127-h207 )

reconditioned fanuc servo amp ( a06b-6124-h106 )

reconditioned fanuc servo amp ( a06b-6124-h105 )

reconditioned fanuc servo amp ( a06b-6124-h102 )

reconditioned fanuc servo amp ( a06b-6117-h202 ) replaces a06b-6114-h202

reconditioned fanuc servo amp ( a06b-6114-h302 )

reconditioned fanuc servo amp ( a06b-6114-h205 )

reconditioned fanuc servo amp ( a06b-6096-h208 )

reconditioned fanuc servo amp ( a06b-6096-h201 )

reconditioned fanuc servo amp ( a06b-6096-h106#ra )

reconditioned fanuc servo amp ( a06b-6096-h106 )

reconditioned fanuc servo amp ( a06b-6096-h104 )

reconditioned fanuc servo amp ( a06b-6090-h234 )

reconditioned fanuc servo amp ( a06b-6090-h008 )

reconditioned fanuc servo amp ( a06b-6089-h209 )

reconditioned fanuc servo amp ( a06b-6079-h207 )

reconditioned fanuc servo amp ( a06b-6079-h201 )

reconditioned fanuc servo amp ( a06b-6058-h251 )

reconditioned fanuc servo amp ( a06b-6058-h226 )

reconditioned fanuc servo amp ( a06b-6058-h203 )

reconditioned fanuc profibus master pcb ( a20b-8100-0430 )

reconditioned fanuc power supply module ( a06b-6091-h130 )

reconditioned fanuc power supply ( a06b-6120-h100 )

reconditioned fanuc power supply ( a06b-6120-h030 )

reconditioned fanuc power supply ( a06b-6120-h018 )

reconditioned fanuc power supply ( a06b-6110-h030 )

reconditioned fanuc power supply ( a06b-6110-h006 )

reconditioned fanuc power supply ( a06b-6087-h137 )

reconditioned fanuc power supply ( a06b-6087-h130 )

reconditioned fanuc power supply ( a06b-6087-h126 )

reconditioned fanuc pcb board for lcd touch screen ( a20b-8100-0400 )

reconditioned fanuc o control master ( a20b-1004-0260 )

reconditioned fanuc motor ( a06b-0373-b688#7008 ) same as a06b-0373-b688#0008

reconditioned fanuc mdi board ( a20b-1000-0851 )

reconditioned fanuc master board ( a16b-1010-0331 )

reconditioned fanuc master board ( a16b-1010-0210 )

reconditioned fanuc master board ( a16b-1000-0200 ) with ( a20b-1001-0640 ) mmc

reconditioned fanuc main cpu with daughter cards (a16b-3200-0190 )

reconditioned fanuc main cpu board a16b-2201-0300 with daughter boards

reconditioned fanuc main cpu ( a16b-3200-0330 ) with daughter cards

reconditioned fanuc main cpu ( a16b-3200-0110 ) with daughter cards

reconditioned fanuc main cpu ( a16b-3200-0060 ) with daughter cards

reconditioned fanuc lcd touch screen ( a02b-0259-c212 )

reconditioned fanuc lcd pcb board ( a20b-2100-0240 )

reconditioned fanuc i/o psu board ( a16b-2202-0980 ) with a20b-1005-0420 p/s

reconditioned fanuc i/o ( a16b-2203-0070 ) with a20b-1005-0421 p/s

reconditioned fanuc from/sram module 8mb/2mb ( a20b-2902-0090 )

reconditioned fanuc cpu module ( a20b-3300-0240 )

reconditioned fanuc cpu card dram ( a20b-3300-0107 )

reconditioned fanuc cpu card dram ( a20b-3300-0106 )

reconditioned fanuc a06b-6090-h244 servo amplifier

reconditioned fanuc a06b-6090-h006 servo amplifier

reconditioned fanuc a06b-6066-h008 servo amplifier

reconditioned fanuc a06b-6050-h004 servo unit

reconditioned fanuc 21 main cpu ( a16b-3200-0270 ) with daughter boards

reconditioned by fanuc servo motor ( a06b-0166-b088 )

reconditioned by fanuc servo motor ( a06b-0143-b675)

reconditioned by fanuc servo amp ( a06b-6117-h207 ) replaces a06b-6114-h207

reconditioned by fanuc ( a16b-1010-0280 ) master pcb

recondition power supply module a06b-6087-h130

recondition power supply module a06b-6087-h126

recondition power supply module a06b-6087-h115

recondition fanuc spindle amplifier module a06b-6092-h226#h500

recondition fanuc spindle amplifier ( a06b-6102-h230#h520